Category of fundamental factors

Fundamental factors that is broad and complex, can be grouped into four categories, namely:

Political factor as one of the tools indicator to predict movements in exchange rates, it is very difficult to know timing/time of occurrence and to definitively determined the impact on exchange rate fluctuations. There are times when a political developments have an impact on the movement of the exchange rate, but there are times when not carrying any impact of exchange rate movements.
Financial factors are very important in doing Fundamental analysis. Any change in the fiscal and monetary policies implemented by the Government, especially in terms of policies pertaining to interest rate changes, would bring significant impact to changes in economic fundamentals. This policy change also affects the value of the currency. The interest rate is taunt determinant a currency exchange rates than other indicators such as the number of coins in circulation. The general rule regarding the policy interest rate is the interest rate the higher the interest rate the stronger currency exchange rates. However, there are sometimes wrong pertinent that elevated levels of u k u flowers will automatically trigger the rise of the exchange rate of mar Domenico money. Attention to the interest rate is mainly to focus on real interest rates, not on the nominal interest rate. This is because the calculation of real interest rates have included a variable level of inflation in it.
External factors can bring a very significant changes in the exchange rate against a country. The economic changes that occur within a country can bring impact (a regional effect) for the economy of other countries who are in the same area. In an era of global asset allocation, portfolio flows of capital are no longer know the boundaries of the country. the fund managers, investors, and hedge funds that invested globally, very close watch on changes in the economy, not only in the scope of a single country, but also extends to within the scope of one region/regional specific.
Economic factors: economic indicators is one of the factors that can not be separated and is an important part of the overall fundamental factor itself. Economic indicators are often used in fundamental analysis, namely:

Gross national product (PNB) is the total production of goods and services produced by citizens of those countries which either resides/domiciled in domestic or abroad in a certain period.
Gross domestic production (GDP) is the summation of all goods and services produced by a country both by domestic and foreign companies by foreign companies operating in the country at one time/period certain.
Inflation rate: one of the ways the Government in tackling inflation is by conducting a policy of raising interest rates. The use of the level of inflation as one of the fundamental economic indicators are to reflect the level of GDP and the BNP into the actual values. Real GDP and GNP value is an indicator that it is important for an investor in comparing their huge investment opportunities and risks in foreign countries.

Advantages Investing in Mutual Funds

Advantages Investing in Mutual Funds, Mutual Fund under the Capital Market Law 95 years is a container used to collect funds from public investors to be invested in portfolio securities by the Investment Manager.

Thus, by the mutual funds there are three essential elements are interlinked with each other, namely:

1. collection of public funds
By performing the collection of funds from the pemodalnya allow investors-investors who have minimal funds can contribute to investing in securities.

2. investment funds in the form of portfolio securities
The definition of securities are securities, such as debt instruments, commercial papers, stocks, bonds, proof of debt, equity participation units, collective investment contracts, futures contracts on securities, and any derivatives of securities, both debt securities and the equity instruments, such as options and warrants. Portfolio of securities managed by mutual funds can be a collection of some types of securities (not just similar).

3. managed by investment managers
Investment manager is a party whose main business is managing a portfolio of securities to its customers or managing collective investment portfolio for a group of customers, not including insurance companies, pension funds, and banks that conduct their own business activities based on legislation and regulations.

Thus, mutual funds have a purchasing power far greater than if the investor invests his own.

Advantages Investing in Mutual Funds

1. Investment Diversification Reduce Risk
Mutual fund investment is a joint force. This is possible because the money the investor is then combined with one other investor-owned thereby creating buying power far greater than if an investor bought his own.

With the huge amount of capital that has combined these mutual funds can easily diversify investments.

Imagine if you had a million dollars and the money going to invest in the stock market. With this amount, it will be difficult for you to plant them in various types of capital market investment. To be able to continue to diversify investments, then you should have a substantial capital.

The existence of mutual funds allow you to diversify investments because mutual funds composed of a collection of stocks, bonds or other sekurits owned by a group of investors and managed by professional investment firms.

Have some type of stock will be less likely risk than if you have one type of stock. Similarly, if you have a wide variety of bonds and stocks, the risks will be borne by smaller when compared to having only a few stocks.

As an illustration, you have one lot of shares AAAA. While AAAA stock price falls, then the value of your investment will go down. In contrast, if you invest in stocks AAAA, BBBB and U.S. $ 100. When stock prices fell AAAA, BBBB shares and dollar against the rupiah exchange rate rises, then the loss of your investment will be smaller or nonexistent because of falling prices can be covered by the AAAA and BBBB rising dollar.

Home-Equity Line of Credit
This line of credit acts as a loan and is similar to home-equity loans in that the consumer is borrowing against his or her home’s equity. However, unlike traditional home-equity loans, these lines of credit are revolving, meaning that the consumer may borrow a lump sum, repay a portion of the loan, and then borrow again. It’s kind of like a credit card that has a credit limit based on your home’s equity! These loans may be tax deductible and are typically repayable over a period of 10 to 20 years, making them attractive for larger projects.

Because specific amounts may be borrowed at different points in time, the interest rate charged is typically pegged to some underlying index such as the “prime rate”. This is both good and bad in the sense that at some times, the interest rates being charged may be quite low. However, during period of rising rates, the interest charges on outstanding balances can be quite high.

There are other downsides as well. Because the amount that can be borrowed can be quite large (typically up to $500,000 depending upon a home’s equity), consumers tend to get in over their heads. These consumers are often lured in by low interest rates, but when rates begin to rise, those interest charges begin racking up and the attractiveness of these loans starts to wane.

The downside is that the interest rates on these loans can be quite high. According to the Federal Reserve, they range from about 10-12%. The other negative is that these loans sometimes must be repaid within two years, making it impractical for individuals looking to finance large projects.

In short, personal loans (in spite of their high interest rates) are probably the best way to go for individuals looking to borrow relatively small amounts of money, and who are able to repay the loan within a couple of years. When consumers use credit cards, they are essentially taking out a loan with the understanding that it will be repaid at some later date. Credit cards are a particularly attractive source of funds for individuals (and companies) because they are accepted by many – if not most – merchants as a form of payment.

In addition, to obtain a card (and, by extension, $5,000 or $10,000 worth of credit), all that’s required is a one-page application. The credit review process is also rather quick. Written applications are typically approved (or denied) within a week or two. Online / telephone applications are often reviewed within minutes. Also in terms of their use, credit cards are extremely flexible. The money can be used for virtually anything these days from paying college tuition to buying a drink at the local watering hole.

Procedure for Preparation of Consolidated Cash Flows

There are several approaches to prepare statements of cash flows used in practice, each of which aims to identify through analysis of the transaction the following things:
a. Cash flows from operating, investing, and financing.
b. Transaction non-cash investing and financing activities is significant.
c. Items that reconcile income and net operating cash flow.
In the Statement of Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 2, which can be used enterprise there are two methods for presenting laoran cash flow, namely:

1. Direct Methods
Direct method classifies the various major categories of operations. Direct method is easier to understand, and to provide more information to make decisions.

2. Indirect Methods
Preparation of cash flow statement using this method begins with net income and adjusting net income is so derived cash flows from operating activities.
Both methods bring the number of sub-total is equal to operating activities, investing activities, financing activities and net cash flow during a certain period. This method differs only in showing how the cash flow from
operating activities